gitcredentials

Synopsis

git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername
git config credential.helper "$helper $options"

Description

Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.

Requesting Credentials

Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:

1. If the GIT_ASKPASS environment variable is set, the program specified by the variable is invoked. A suitable prompt is provided to the program on the command line, and the user’s input is read from its standard output.
2. Otherwise, if the core.askPass configuration variable is set, its value is used as above.
3. Otherwise, if the SSH_ASKPASS environment variable is set, its value is used as above.
4. Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal.

Avoiding Repetition

It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over. Git provides two methods to reduce this annoyance:

1. Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication context.
2. Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact with a system password wallet or keychain.

The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage available for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:

[credential "https://example.com"]
        username = me

Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure storage provided by the OS or other programs.

To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently includes the following helpers:

cache

Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See git-credential-cache(1) for details.

store

Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See git-credential-store(1) for details.

You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for credential-* in the output of git help -a, and consult the documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper, you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the credential.helper variable.

1. Find a helper.

   $ git help -a | grep credential-
   credential-foo

2. Read its description.

   $ git help credential-foo

3. Tell Git to use it.

   $ git config --global credential.helper foo

Credential Contexts

Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.

For instance, imagine we are accessing https://example.com/foo.git. When Git looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:

[credential "https://example.com"]
        username = foo

then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the same, and the "pattern" URL does not care about the path component at all. However, this context would not match:

[credential "https://kernel.org"]
        username = foo

because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match foo.example.com; Git compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for http://example.com would not match: Git compares the protocols exactly.

If the "pattern" URL does include a path component, then this too must match exactly: the context https://example.com/bar/baz.git will match a config entry for https://example.com/bar/baz.git (in addition to matching the config entry for https://example.com) but will not match a config entry for https://example.com/bar.

Configuration Options

Options for a credential context can be configured either in credential.* (which applies to all credentials), or credential.<url>.*, where <url> matches the context as described above.

The following options are available in either location:

helper

The name of an external credential helper, and any associated options. If the helper name is not an absolute path, then the string git credential- is prepended. The resulting string is executed by the shell (so, for example, setting this to foo --option=bar will execute git credential-foo --option=bar via the shell. See the manual of specific helpers for examples of their use.

If there are multiple instances of the credential.helper configuration variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username, password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a password, no more helpers will be tried.

If credential.helper is configured to the empty string, this resets the helper list to empty (so you may override a helper set by a lower-priority config file by configuring the empty-string helper, followed by whatever set of helpers you would like).

username

A default username, if one is not provided in the URL.

useHttpPath

By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential stored for https://example.com/foo.git will also be used for https://example.com/bar.git. If you do want to distinguish these cases, set this option to true.

Custom Helpers

You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git’s credentials API^[1] for details.

Git

Part of the git(1) suite

Notes

1.

credentials API
file:///usr/share/doc/git/technical/api-credentials.html

Referenced By

git-config(1), git-credential-cache(1), git-credential-store(1).