nat — stateless native address translation action
Synopsis
tc ... action nat DIRECTION OLD NEW
DIRECTION := { ingress | egress }
OLD := IPV4_ADDR_SPEC
NEW := IPV4_ADDR_SPEC
IPV4_ADDR_SPEC := { default | any | all | in_addr[/{prefix|netmask}]
Description
The nat action allows to perform NAT without the overhead of conntrack, which is desirable if the number of flows or addresses to perform NAT on is large. This action is best used in combination with the u32 filter to allow for efficient lookups of a large number of stateless NAT rules in constant time.
Options
- ingress
Translate destination addresses, i.e. perform DNAT.
- egress
Translate source addresses, i.e. perform SNAT.
- OLD
Specifies addresses which should be translated.
- NEW
Specifies addresses which OLD should be translated into.
Notes
The accepted address format in OLD and NEW is quite flexible. It may either consist of one of the keywords default, any or all, representing the all-zero IP address or a combination of IP address and netmask or prefix length separated by a slash (/) sign. In any case, the mask (or prefix length) value of OLD is used for NEW as well so that a one-to-one mapping of addresses is assured.
Address translation is done using a combination of binary operations. First, the original (source or destination) address is matched against the value of OLD. If the original address fits, the new address is created by taking the leading bits from NEW (defined by the netmask of OLD) and taking the remaining bits from the original address.
There is rudimental support for upper layer protocols, namely TCP, UDP and ICMP. While for the first two only checksum recalculation is performed, the action also takes care of embedded IP headers in ICMP packets by translating the respective address therein, too.