expm1, expm1f, expm1l — exponential minus 1

Synopsis

#include <math.h>

double expm1(double x);
float expm1f(float x);
long double expm1l(long double x);

Link with -lm.

Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

expm1():

_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
   || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500
   || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
   || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE

expm1f(), expm1l():

_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
   || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
   || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE

Description

These functions return a value equivalent to

    exp(x) - 1

The result is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of x is near zero—a case where exp(x) - 1 would be inaccurate due to subtraction of two numbers that are nearly equal.

Return Value

On success, these functions return exp(x) - 1.

If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned.

If x is +0 (-0), +0 (-0) is returned.

If x is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.

If x is negative infinity, -1 is returned.

If the result overflows, a range error occurs, and the functions return -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL, respectively.

Errors

See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred when calling these functions.

The following errors can occur:

Range error, overflow

errno is set to ERANGE (but see Bugs). An overflow floating-point exception (FE_OVERFLOW) is raised.

Attributes

For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

Interface Attribute Value
expm1(), expm1f(), expm1l() Thread safety MT-Safe

Conforming to

C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.

Bugs

For some large negative x values (where the function result approaches -1), expm1() raises a bogus underflow floating-point exception.

For some large positive x values, expm1() raises a bogus invalid floating-point exception in addition to the expected overflow exception, and returns a NaN instead of positive infinity.

Before version 2.11, the glibc implementation did not set errno to ERANGE when a range error occurred.

See Also

exp(3), log(3), log1p(3)

Colophon

This page is part of release 5.04 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Referenced By

exp(3), log1p(3).

The man pages expm1f(3) and expm1l(3) are aliases of expm1(3).

2017-09-15 Linux Programmer's Manual