log

Synopsis

#include <math.h>

double log(double x);
float logf(float x);
long double logl(long double x);

Link with -lm.

Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

logf(), logl():

Description

These functions return the natural logarithm of x.

Return Value

On success, these functions return the natural logarithm of x.

If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned.

If x is 1, the result is +0.

If x is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.

If x is zero, then a pole error occurs, and the functions return -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL, respectively.

If x is negative (including negative infinity), then a domain error occurs, and a NaN (not a number) is returned.

Errors

See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred when calling these functions.

The following errors can occur:

Domain error: x is negative

errno is set to EDOM. An invalid floating-point exception (FE_INVALID) is raised.

Pole error: x is zero

errno is set to ERANGE. A divide-by-zero floating-point exception (FE_DIVBYZERO) is raised.

Attributes

For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

Conforming to

C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.

The variant returning double also conforms to SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89.

Bugs

In glibc 2.5 and earlier, taking the log() of a NaN produces a bogus invalid floating-point (FE_INVALID) exception.

See Also

cbrt(3), clog(3), log10(3), log1p(3), log2(3), sqrt(3)

Colophon

This page is part of release 5.04 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Referenced By

expm1(3), ilogb(3), log10(3), log1p(3), log2(3), logb(3), matherr(3), math_error(7).

The man pages logf(3) and logl(3) are aliases of log(3).